Louis Dumont, in his comparative sociology work, explains the emergence of intra-American individualism of modernity through the transformation of extramondal individualism from the beginnings of Christianity, mainly linked to the changes that have affected relations between the State and the Church since the 8th century. Our text raises the question of whether Orthodox Christianity has developed in a similar way. This research, which examines Orthodox monachism, and Church/State relations in Byzance and Russia, as well as the old Russian Croyants, Slavophiles and populists, concludes by stating that Eastern Orthodoxia has remained a holistic tradition based on extramondal individualism and the concept of ‘full personality’, considering individualism as the lowest route to salvage. Modern individualism therefore does not displace its cultural roots in this tradition.