This article aims at locating the theoretical sources of the staff function. It essentially deals with the two founders who were F.W. Taylor and H. Fayol. In both cases, these sources refer to the question of the social bond. Whether this bond is the object of artificial production in Taylorist «Scientific management », or whether it elaborates itself naturally inside an organicist conception like Fayol's. So, two different political conceptions struggle in the emergence of the Human Ressources notion : the democracy of isolated men whose management reinforces the division according to Taylor ; the democracy of integrating communities according to Fayol. Human Resources Management underlines this struggle.