Religious men and women represent a large section of French immigration to Canada, particularly to Quebec. Between 1880 and 1914, the French Republican government targeted religious congregations. Could this policy have led 40 French congregations and about 2 600 religious men and women to settle in Quebec? From which part of France did they come and where did these congregations settle once in the province ? In which field did their missionary work take place ? The paper also discusses the influence this religious emigration had on the province, intellectually or religiously, and the type of welcome which was given to them at the time.