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Article

French

ID: <

10.4000/hrc.6448

>

·

DOI: <

10.4000/hrc.6448

>

Where these data come from
Hypertext and science (1991-2021): inland waterways for knowledge roads

Abstract

To advance knowledge, it has always been necessary to represent and certify the available scientific information. In this sense, an unexpected revolution occurred in 1991 with the founding language of the Internet, the hypertext protocol (HTML) : it linked scientific information to infinity, creating maps and knowledge routes based on a modular architecture of arcs and vertices (hyperlinks, URLs) coupled with the massive analytical power of graphs. Science is an ideal candidate for hypertext navigation, due to the structuring of its vocabularies and its small-scale communities, and has benefited spectacularly from it : on these new foundations, in fact, in one generation (1991-2021), immense databases and global libraries were built for the first time, modern Alexandria libraries (1991-2010). However, the development of hypertext systems has come up against various obstacles (2010-2020) : the massiveness of information, the imprecision of systems for aggregating and identifying knowledge and counting its usage, and the lack of philology and epistemology of these new knowledge levers. The stable representation of knowledge thus struggles to overcome various systemic conflicts : as the choice of links is not random,how to make the interactions between documentary choices and certification opinions more traceable ? How can the integrity of the knowledge validation process be strengthened ? The current research program (2021), with graph topology, tends to merge the « recommendation » of the scientific document and the « contextualization » of its uses, aiming at more readable maps and knowledge routes and safer navigation : knowledge is a path of multimodal data, not a piece of information. This double requirement extends Open Science to the « Open Process », fluidifying the exchange between hypertext architectures mobilized to serve the opinion of knowledge certification. As choice of links is not random, a research question is to know if structured representations of knowledge in hypertext could be achieved according to integrity.

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