This article deals with two Argentinian publications dating from the early 1930s: the Silabario de la decoración americana, by Ricardo Rojas, and the Diccionario etimológico del castellano usual, by Leopoldo Lugones. Taking as a starting point a theoretical framework inspired both by historical glotopolitics and by theoretical reflections about the cultural and political dimensions of archives, the two projects are studied as interventions in the question of languages in Latin America, and as materializations of two alternative glotopolitical programs, both acting in the context of the construction of Latin American linguistic imaginaries. On the one hand, an etymological program (Lugones), acting according to a logic of immunization and dehistoricization. On the other hand, the aim of which is to present a language imaginarily purified from indigenous "contaminations", and an archaeological program (Rojas), attempting to decipher a primal and preverbal American language, a language which functions as a guarantee of the original cultural unity of the continent and from which it is possible to project future art.