among the natural sanctuaries, caves are in the interest of being identified and analysed both from literary and iconographic sources and from archaeological discoveries. In Greece, around 130 caves can be identified for historical periods. This contribution is mainly devoted to space issues, be it possible ritual spaces — in and around caves — or the role of caves themselves as part of the religious landscape. It will be argued that caves often do not need a clear definition of their ritual space. Especially as they are outside the urban fabric, they rarely host community religious practices, but rather host isolated pilgrims.