The particular difficulty of the French school to meet the individual and collective diversity of children and adolescents it hosts can only be understood in the contemporary history of the educational institution in France, ie in its foundation and republican tradition. The educational project of the school aimed to form "à être-français", trying to erase differences, depriving the subject of its communities and its affiliations, abstract existence and individuality, and by reducing the unique skills and assignments that the school gave him in accordance with the requirements of the nation-state. With the fall of the colonial empire, with the installation of post-colonial migrants in France, and the birth of their children, resulting in a heterogeneous school populations, with the globalization of digitized knowledge, this design "community" of education experience. If each "about education" is a singular being and its singularity falls within a range, it is to think a respectful coexistence of cultural, worship and social minorities and ask school conditions (and political) a common world that does not reduce multiple attachments to one nationality. If the challenge is biographical, the issue is political.