Article
French
ID: <
10670/1.1eusg2>
Abstract
Kinshasa’s urban landscape bears the scars of three types of urban management policy and strategy : social, liberal and neo-liberal. This landscape was shaped in three successive phases. Before Independence, the city benefited from an urban policy of the social type with the construction of social housing put on sale. After Independence, the city experienced an urban policy of “let it be” with a liberal type of town planning, the genesis of self-built neighborhoods and “manzanzavilles” or slums. Since the 2000s, the city has seen the development of a neo-liberal type of town planning in its urban space at the origin of “closed and secure residential cities”, like the so-called “Gated communities” in the United States – that Kinshasa nicknamed “rich camps”.