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Thesis

French

ID: <

10670/1.1rmvo5

>

Where these data come from
The biological group of plants: straddling phylogenetics and functional classification.A didactical reconstruction using the history of science, within the context of biology and geology teacher training.

Abstract

This research explores the dialectics between science education and history of science through the study of biological classifications, focusing on plants, a biological group with multiple meanings and a major historical rectification.This study deals with the training of preservice biology and geology teachers and is structured into three complementary investigations. The first one, with a didactical angle at a national scale, leads to identify seven different conceptions of "Plant" in an open classificatory situation. This survey also allows to study how students think about functional vs. phylogenetic classification and how they articulate the two perspectives. The second study in history of biology reviews the evolution of ideas in plants systematics since the XIXth century. It focuses on the problems scientists tried to solve by developing their classification systems and the epistemological obstacles they met. The third investigation consists in the development, implementation and analysis of a didactical reconstruction on the basis of historical materials, primarily scientific literature. This experiment provides a deeper understanding of how students think about classifications during a debate and a construction of concept maps. It also aims at characterizing appropriate conditions to use historical and scientific literature for an efficient conceptual learning. The main obstacles in building classifications are synthesized by comparing how they are updated in the educational and historical spheres.

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