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Thesis

English

ID: <

10670/1.2aro7i

>

Where these data come from
Control of the genetic expression of tissue factor and angiogenesis by Hypb, H3K36 methyltransferase Regulation of the genetic expression of tissue factor and angiogenesis by Hypb, H3K36 methyltransferase

Abstract

The thesis described, in the first chapter, an opposite regulatory effects of PI3K/Akt pathway and Erk1/2 pathway on tissue factor(TF) gene expression in vitro. TF is a keymolecule required to initiate blood coagulation, and is now accepted to be essential forembryo development, maintenance of vascular integrity and tissue repair. Since a variety of cancers show aberrant prognostics-correlated high levels of TF expression, it is believed that TF promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Using an epithelial breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, we quantified TF gene expression by luminescent test, qPCR, western blot, and cell-associated TF activity in vitro. We found that 1) PI3K/Akt is the major pathway that activates TF gene expression. 2) Erk1/2activity inhibits TF gene expression; 3) blocking Erk1/2 by PD98059 aberrant lyupregulates TF gene expression via enhancing EGFR activity; 4) this enhanced TF expression can be neutralized by blocking EGFR and PI3K/Akt pathway activation; 5) TF upregulation induced by Erk inhibition is a common feature in the tested epithelial cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3; 6) Soluble form of TF due to alternative splicing represents a small proportion of total TF mRNA and 7) The level of TF gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells is correlated to cell procoagulant activity and cell invasiveness in vitro. This study revealed a negative feedback loop of Erk-mediated EGFR inhibitions,suggesting an undesirable effect of the agents targeting Erk in clinic.The thesis described, in the second chapter, the evidence of angiogenic function of Hypb,a H3K36 methyltransferase with Hypb-/- knockout mice. These mice demonstrated embryonic lethality at E10.5-E11.5 and severe vascular defects in the Hypb−/− embryo,yolk sac, and placenta. The experiments with endothelial cells HMEC-1 in vitro using anti-Hypb siRNA demonstrated defective cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the treated cells lost the capacity of vessel formation. These data were well coherent with histological analysis of Hypb-/- mice embryos that lacked the intricate network of branching embryonic vessels and showed disrupted blood flow. The genetic microarray analysis on yolk sac suggested an association between the defect of angiogenesis inHypb-/- mice and deregulated Angptl3 and Cyr61 protein release, since both of which could bind to αvβ3. It also suggested the roles of angiogenin, Angptl3 and Gja4 in this defect because these angiogenesis-related genes were downregulated. Plausible mechanisms are discussed. The epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis is an important issue because it controls the spatial and temporal regulation of expression of thousands of genes. Our study clearly suggests a key role of Hypb and H3K36 methylation and Hypb-related mechanisms in the processes of mammalian vascularization (vasculogenesis and angiogenesis). Angiogenesis is important for both basic researchand medical application in cardiovascular diseases and cancer therapeutics. We believe that novel therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic pathways will achieve real benefit in medical practices.

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