BackgroundFor dental implants, early infection and peri-implantitis after implant restoration are major reasons for implant failure1. Plaque biofilm formation is the initiator for implant-related infection2. Therefore, itu2019s urgent to develop a new antibacterial implant materials or treatment methods. It is found that nanostructured titanium surface can resist bacterial adherence and promote bactericidal capability3. Zinc (Zn) not only exhibits excellent antibacterial behavior with broad spectrum and limits drug-resistance bacteria induction, but also is active in osteogenesis4. Strontium (Sr) has various effects of improving immunologic reaction, promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation4. AimIn this study, Sr- and Zn- incorporated micro/nano-structured titanium surface with nanorods (MNT-Sr/Zn) was fabricated by a two-step hydrothermal process, aiming to improve osseointegration and reduce implant failure caused by implant-related infection and broaden new ideas for the future research on the antibacterial properties of biological materials.Materials & MethodsThe Mod Ti surfaces were used as a control. The characterization of different surfaces was detected by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectra (EDS) detector. Meanwhile, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was selected to evaluate antibacterial properties through Live/Dead Staining and watching the adhesive bacterial morphology under FE-SEM. Whatu2019s more, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured on the surfaces to detect their early osteogenic properties, like the alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and the expressions of osteogenesis related genes.Results The results confirmed that nanorod-like particles with a diameter of about 30-50 nm of MNT-Sr/Zn. In the EDS spectra, the elements of Zn and Sr were evenly distributed, and approximately 1.49 u00b1 0.16 wt% and 21.69 u00b1 2.74 wt% respectively. More importantly, Zn-containing nanorod-like particles and the morphology could work together, slightly decreasing adhesion of S. aureus but increasing the proportion of dead cells, thus inhibiting subsequent biofilm formation, compared with the controlled group. In addition to this, MNT-Sr/Zn could enhance the osteogenic differentiation via the upregulation of the transcription of osteogenic related genes in vitro. ConclusionsThis research provides a new surface modification method on titanium substrate for multi-functional implant material development. Due to the co-doping of Sr and Zn in the coating, biomechanical stability, antibacterial capability and early osteogenic inductive effect are enhanced, which has the potential to be applied in dental implantation in the future.References[1] Hickok, N. J. , Shapiro, I. M. , Chen, A. F. (2018). The impact of incorporating antimicrobials into implant surfaces. Journal of Dental Research, 002203451773176.[2] Chouirfa, H., Bouloussa, H., Migonney, V., Falentin-Daudre, C (2019). Review of titanium surface modification techniques and coatings for antibacterial applications. Acta biomaterialia 83:37-54[3] Jaggessar, A., Shahali, H., Mathew, A., Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V. (2017). Bio-mimicking nano- and micro-structured surface fabrication for antibacterial properties in medical implants. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 15(1), 64.[4] Edward Ou2019Neill, Awale, G., Daneshmandi, L., Umerah, O., & Lo, W. H. (2018). The roles of ions on bone regeneration. Drug Discovery Today.