In the last decade, the international system has moved rapidly from a Liberal World Order, towards a new geo-economic order, where the use of economic tools, the exploitation of vulnerabilities of economic interdependence and dominance in exponential technologies has become the battlefield in the international arena. While the frameworks of this new order are not yet concretely defined, convergence between economic security and technological competition is shaping strategic objectives and great strategy among the major powers, in particular the systemic rivalry between China and the United States. In this context of growing geopolitical competition, China’s resurgence as a player in the international system, and in particular in the technology industry such as 5G infrastructure or technical standards, is adding a new power policy dimension to a dominance of geo-economic activity. The Huawei “national champion” and the ZTE para-state champion in developing and implementing standards for 5G technologies have triggered discussion in recent years. Beijing seeks to become a leader in the sector, particularly in areas of premature development. This undoubtedly presents major geopolitical challenges for the West and risks in the fragmentation of international standards that will largely take place in technology competition between China and the United States. Institute for International Relations