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10670/1.7hhjnw

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Cognitive determinants of footballer’s spatial organisation: application to man and robot

Abstract

This text is an end of research report from the Cognitic ACI. The originality of the research was to draw inspiration from complex human behaviour in order to use the operating rules underlying these behaviours to equip virtual agents or robots. Human behaviours were balloon game systems (football, basket, to 10), selected for some of their characteristics that cognitivist psychologists tried to identify in the study of the relationship between perception and cognition, which I.A. specialists try to simulate in co-operating software agents and which roboticians try to implement in adaptive robots. These include multi-agent cooperation tasks resulting from continuous adaptation within a space of action (in our case the playing field). The three teams were combined on these theoretical and applied issues. We managed to identify some of the cognitive operations involved in solving simulated sports problems in the laboratory and to model the processes involved in the perception-cognitive decision coupling. In particular, the results explain the extraordinary capacity of expert sportsmen to take swift and effective decisions. We have failed to bring complex forms of game spontaneously adopted by the experts to software agents with the same motor functions as the experts. This result proved to be very interesting a posteriori, since it confirmed a contrario the major role played by perceptible processes in carrying out such tasks. As a result, we have reversed our problem (the perception-cognitive/decision coupling study) by studying cognition-perception-decision coupling. We have shown that this coupling works proactively, as the perceptive inputs seem to be partly controlled by the cognition of agents. This theoretical shift proved to be more operational, and we explored a new approach to anchoring symbols in perception based on the abstraction of perceptions. It was implanted on Pioneer 2DX robots and proved to be successful. We finally carried out a number of experiments based on real data acquired by a Pioneer2DX autonomous mobile robot operating in the corridors of the Laboratoire d’informatique de Paris 6. Finally, from a perspective applied to sport sciences, the identification of the perceptive mechanisms involved in solving sporting problems has enabled us to develop a base of football game simulators that can be used for the training and training of sportsmen and sportsmen.

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