This thesis, which is based on qualitative interviews, concerns the negotiation of identifiers of immigrants and refugees from former Yugoslavia in Luxembourg and looks at the changing relevance of religion in self-conception. According to a constructive and interactionary approach, identity is conceived as a constantly negotiated project, reconstructed in processes of social interaction and according to social contexts. Our data suggest the emergence of complex identity constructions and attest to the pluridimensionality and intersectionality of the identity references used in self-design and show that individuals are not reduced to fixed categories. Different categories are made significant and multiple borders are established in order to differentiate between changing patterns of alterability, selectively chosen to build a certain self-image. Identity narratives demonstrate the aspiration for a positive identity, in a situation characterised by the loss of social status and multiple stigma, as ex-Yugoslav, asylum seekers and Muslims. Our interlocutors draw up an identity directory consisting of transposed, invented and upgraded markers, enabling them to rebuild a positive identity for themselves and their hearings. This work describes how individuals establish their identity repertoire using transposed, invented and upgraded markers, allowing them to rebuild a positive identity for themselves and their audiences, and shows how the ‘other’ differentiation processes in the home and host countries are linked. — The question addressed in this project with a qualitative design, is how muslim migrants and refugees from the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Luxemburg negotiate Salient identity references in a new social political environment and disputes the changing history of religion and the way it is integrated in the identity patchwork. According to a constructivist and interactive approach, CONCEIVING identity as a constant negotiated project, Reconstructed in interaction and with regard to social context, identities are relevant only in relation to particular other groups and in certain situations of interaction. Our data suggests the emergence of complex identity patterns using multiple references for self- description and testing of the intersectionality of identity references and show that individuals can be reduced to fixed categories. Different categories are made Salient and multiple symbolic boundaries are established in order to differentiate from different “others”, selected in order to build a certain self-concept. The Discourses of our participants attest of an aspiration towards a positive identity in a situation characterised by the loss of social status and multiple stigmata. This thesis Describes the ways how individuals establish their identity with invented, transposed and negotiated identity references, that allow them to build a favoured identity for topics and their public and shows how differentiation processes in home and host country are related.