Thesis
French
ID: <
10670/1.9cqbks>
Abstract
In this thesis, we study the behavior of solutions of partial differential equations that arise from the modeling of systems with a large number of particles. The dynamic of all these systems is driven by interaction between the particles and external and internal forces. However, we will consider different scales and travel from the quantum level of atoms to the macroscopic level of stars. We will see that differences emerge from the associated dynamics even though the main properties are conserved. In this journey, we will cross the path of various applications of these equations such as astrophysics, plasma, semi-conductors, biology, economy. This work is divided in three parts.In the first one, we study the semi classical behavior of the quantum Hartree equation and its limit to the kinetic Vlasov equation. Properties such as the propagation of moments and weighted Lebesgue norms and dispersive estimates are quantified uniformly in the Planck constant and used to establish stability estimates in a semiclassical analogue of the Wasserstein distance between the solutions of these two equations.In the second part, we investigate the long time behavior of macroscopic and kinetic models where the collision operatoris linear and has a heavy-tailed local equilibrium, such as the Fokker-Planck operator, the fractional Laplacian with a driftor a Linear Boltzmann operator. This let appear two main techniques, the entropy method and the positivity method.In the third part, we are interested in macroscopic models inspired from the Keller-Segel equation, and we study therange of parameters under which the system collapses, disperses or stabilizes. The first effect is studied using appropriate weights, the second using Wasserstein distances and the third using Lebesgue norms.