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Thesis

French

ID: <

10670/1.a5c5wg

>

Where these data come from
Modeling of the dynamics of foliar diseases in perennial tropical crops at different scales : case of Black Leaf Streak Disease of banana

Abstract

This thesis concerns the modeling of the dynamics of foliar diseases of tropical tree crops at different spatial scales. This modeling approach is applied to black Sigatoka of banana. It is to explore and determine the environmental parameters and host resistance has a significant influence on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the disease and to provide elements associated with the control of Sigatoka noire.Deux models were developed as part of this thesis. The epidemiological dynamics at the plant is described by a mechanistic model decomposed into a growth model of the plant and an epidemiological unit describing the pathogen epidemic cycle. The architecture of the banana is taken into account through foliar compartments positioned in space. The model was validated by an independent data set. Numerical experiments and model sensitivity analysis performed by the methods of Morris and e-FAST enabled to better understand the functioning of this epidemic disease and identify the parameters affecting the most dynamic epidemic especially speed extension of the lesions, the incubation period and efficiency of Bayesian .L'approche infection allowed to take into account prior information available for these three parameters that were the statistical inference. The model sensitivity analysis also identified the influence of two parameters related to plant growth: the number of leaves on a plant and rate of leaf emission A dynamic model of space-time Black Sigatoka has been developed at the scale of a territory from surveys enMartinique during the period of invasion of the disease from September 2010 to May 2012. The data collected being censored, inference of model parameters has was performed in a Bayesian framework, using a data augmentation algorithm. The model developed and inference possible to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of the invasion and predict the end of the invasion territoire.Les two spatio-temporal dynamics models developed at two different spatial scales has been gained important information for build tools design method of control of black Sigatoka of banana.

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