This Communication proposes to study the recent changes in the submarine cable market, in which GAFAM [1] played a decisive role. Whether in the competition between the various operators involved in laying, in questioning maintenance models or in the process of cable research and design, players in this niche market have seen their ways of anticipating the future profoundly transformed. The health crisis has also had the effect of strengthening this dynamic of change, with the use of digital technology being strongly mobilised for both remote working and e-commerce. Understanding the acceleration of digital platforms and the rise of these US digital players cannot, in our view, be achieved without an analysis of the economic tensions and transformations taking place in markets linked to telecommunications infrastructure. Thus, this presentation will explore the causes of the entry of GAFAM into the submarine cable market and the short and medium term consequences for this industry [1] For “Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft” we voluntarily include Microsoft in this acronym, the often used acronym “GAFA” not mentioning this important player in the cloud market.