Neuroinflammation is a key part of the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases and is an interesting target in their treatment. In this PhD work, we studied the effects of two potentially anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective molecules, hemin and C16, in an in vivo rat model of neuroinflammation by intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA). We showed that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) induction by hemin has deleterious effects whereas inhibition of the protein kinase RNA activated (PKR) by C16 treatment induced neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Concurrently, we evaluated longitudinal evolution of neuroinflammation in our model. Results showed the kinetic of the inflammatory phenomena; the ability of cerebral tissue to recover integrity and the capability of this model to evaluate potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory drugs in a long-time study.