The goal of this paper is to present a conceptual framework to analyse the stakes raised by the patrimonialization on economic development and, consequently, to manage imbalances induced by this process at the national and international level. While this strategy should prioritize human well-being, its impact on economic development and economic well-being is far-reaching and should be carefully analysed. The OECD developed`np pagenum="138"/b a conceptual framework integrating the notion of capital to assess the complementary relation between social, cultural, human, material and natural determinants with political, institutional and legal arrangements affecting economic growth as well as economic and human well-being. This framework guides the process of policy-making and is particularly appropriate to the implementation of a heritage strategy.