This text has as objective to offer a synthesis of the main conditions of possibility and emergence of an authoritarian and violent political culture in Argentina during the second half of the 20th century. Specifically, the text focuses on the historical period from 1955 to 1973, and interrogates what were the main national, international and ideological-intellectual conditions that influenced the establishment and development of a political culture that proved to be strongly crossed by Factious struggles, the violent intervention of the Armed Forces over the political system, and the staging of different insurrectionary repertoires. The paper proposes to apply a holistic and long-term perspective that allows elaborating a sort of conceptual summary of the recent past (Weber, 1992).