Historically, there have been two opposing currents on questions of observation and note-taking in psychoanalysis… The first considered that the countertransference and free-floating attention were the tools that make psychoanalytic observation possible. The second introduced grids into the observational setting out of a concern for objectivity, with the idea that there is a concordance between the behaviour and the unconscious elements. In this article, we place ourselves within the perspective of the first current by posing the question of the particularities of the countertransference and of free-floating attention in group psychoanalysis and of how these singularities lead us to reconsider the group observational setting. Finally, we propose a methodology of observation and note-taking with the presentation of a clinical case in a group of students in odontology.