National audience for some ten years, the question of diversification and technology transfer has arisen in the aviation and space industry, due in particular to the crisis in the sector (around 2006) and the growth of competition (the creation of new space companies, in particular, which gain market share and compete with traditional companies in the sector). In response to recent changes in the sector and increasing competition, several bodies supporting and structuring the aviation and space sector have embarked on programmes for diversification and technology transfer. What is technology transfer and industrial diversification? Are there any constraints specific to this mode of technological development? The literature on technology transfer is relatively scattered. The work carried out in the course of studies on university-industry relations (UIR) focuses on academic technology transfer. This is a process of exploiting the results of scientific research, i.e. a movement whereby research results, knowledge and technical devices move from academic, academic to industrial, where they will be transformed into marketable products, processes or technologies. However, a representation of technology transfer based exclusively on academic valorisation does not make it possible to fully grasp the mechanisms involved in the diversification process undertaken by aviation and space stakeholders. In particular, traditional transfer processes based on a linear pathway struggle to grasp the opportunities for innovation by transferring from one area of application to another. Other forms of technology circulation and transfer are visible and make it possible to understand the technical and normative adjustments needed to move from one technical field to another. Are stakeholders not obliged to question, adapt and rework operating frameworks by offering aeronautical or space technologies to health? How do these technology transfers lead to the generation of new knowledge? From a number of diversification markets, we have been able to identify some of the obstacles to technology transfer from one sector to another: cognitive brakes, technical controversy, financial brakes, intellectual property issues. The realisation of this study fed into the development of a project on translational processes from a methodological and conceptual point of view. This project entitled “Comparative analysis of three translational processes: laradiofrequency cases, highly concentrated ultrasound (HIFU) and magnetic hyperthermia” was submitted to the AAP “Open research projects in Human and Social Sciences, Epidemmiology and Public Health” by INCA, which selected it for funding of EUR 198 992.