From the 1950s to the 1990s, Uzbek literary criticism could not escape the grip of Soviet ideology. Because the positions of Europe and the United States in world politics were based on their own interests, the question of Uzbek literature caught the attention of Westerners mainly for political purposes. Since the cold war between the two worlds encouraged intellectuals of both sides to be supportive of their respective regimes, researches and writings about Uzbek literature took their place in this ideological struggle, their objectivity being seriously affected by this course. In this article the author tries to ascertain the real essence of this ideological process, to analyse its subjective and objective aspects, and to make known some elements of the truth that have been denied within the boundaries of the Red Empire.