Thesis
French
ID: <
10670/1.dr6yne>
Abstract
To exert their effect while avoiding adverse events, drugs must reach sufficient concentrations in their site of action. Antibiotics are used for treating infection that bacterial target is in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain extracellular fluid (ECF) which is also a target for adverse events. Drug distribution in the brain and CSF may be limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB). In addition, efflux mechanisms may decrease tissue concentrations of drugs.To optimize the use of antibiotics and reduce adverse events, it is important to obtain tissue pharmacokinetics. Collecting ECF samples via brain microdialysis and CSF samples via external ventricular drain in critically ill patients allow comparison of free drug concentrations. This work is a study of the distribution in plasma, CSF and ECF of two antibiotics, cefotaxime and metronidazole.Patients (after a head injury or stroke) were treated with cefotaxime and metronidazole for pneumonia. Four pharmacokinetic studies were performed at equilibrium by brain microdialysis (n = 11) for collecting ECF or CSF samples (n = 9) by an external ventricular drain. The results showed that metronidazole distributes extensively in both ECF and CSF while the diffusion of cefotaxime was limited, probably due to efflux transporters.