International audience The Mission archéologique française en Albanie was born in 1923 thanks to the Deputy Justin Godart (1871-1956). It comes within a politics of development of the French archaeology in the nations newly independent after the Great War. The archives allow to recount the genesis of project and the negociations which led to the Convention archéologique franco-albanaise validated at Tirana in autumn 1923. The Mission constitutes a hybrid creation : heiress of the Service archéologique de l'Armée d'Orient that worked in North of Greece and Macedonia during the War and to which was attached Léon Rey (1887-1954), the Mission Director, she was also inspired by the model of the French-Afghan Convention carried out and signed by the Indianist Alfred Foucher at Kabul in 1922. This paper endeavoures to point the specificities of that mission, in the process of archaeological institutionalization developed in the French IIIrd Republic.