In the collective imagination, Néron is ever fixed in the posture of the depraved tyran, murder, incendiary: a myth has forged, eternally and persistently. It is precisely this mythology that the author proposes to decode. As well as erasing the visible traces of the prince’s memory, ancient authors, both païans and Christians, have worked to rebuild their history, until Néron, skipping his envelope as a historical individual, became an emblematic figure, emblematic of tyranny and monosity themselves. A survey of philosophical, rhetoric or literary codes that have forced the rewriting of the history of the last Julio-claudian, the book also intends to follow the changes in this figure during antiquity, as a result of misreading, confusion, storytelling or attempts to adapt the Armenian gesture to the concerns of time. A whole mythography is emerging.