This PhD focuses on the international dimension of three show trials of the First Five-Year Plan in the USSR (Shakhty trial, Industrial Party trial and Vickers case). These trials are traditionnally analyzed within the framework of national history and presented by the historiography as a symbol of Stalinism, revealing the subjugation of the judiciary to political power and the repressive nature of the regime. Our comparative analysis of these early demonstration trials under Stalin shows, however, that they also include an important international dimension and stage great counter-revolutionary plots directed from abroad. This internationalization of the First Five-Year Plan trials is in the center of my analysis that benefits from the renewed political history of the USSR, the history of international relations and of cultural diplomacy and is based on Soviet and foreign sources (French, British, German). The archives show that for the political leadership the staged public trials represented a sort of interface between the domestic and foreign policies. The systematic presence of the international dimension in these trials is influenced by ideological considerations that are central in the launching and realization of the Plan itself. At the same time, it is also used both as a leverage in commercial negotiations with foreign powers and as a means to mobilize European public opinion.