'pb ‘In so-called “multicultural societies” to emphasise the diversity of their communities, the crucial issue is that of a world common to men. A common world of meaning, which can only happen if all learn to transcend communitarianism differences, not to deny them, but to live them by relativising them. Secular peace, where it may have happened, is exemplary. When talking at the same time about the reason of men and the freedom of individuals, it could well be the hope of the 21st '/supb century. But its path is as difficult as it is demanding: it rejects both the abstract invocation of universal and its entrenched in a particularism. The revolutionary idea of nation, free from nationalist ambiguity, mediates the unique reality of a place, history, territory, and the critical universality of principles that can apply to all humanity. It is this mediation that is exemplary in that it sees the dynamics of universalisation where the secular reason reconciles root and political will. ‘/PB’ pbFaite for all people, the secular republic liberates the right of what divides men. Neither recognised religions nor dedicated atheism. The same law applies to all. Freedom of conscience combines the full equality of those who believe in the sky and those who do not. The tense complicity of God and César leaves room for the reciprocal franking of God and Marianne. Contrary to exclusive particularisms, secularism makes it possible to reconcile the diversity of cultural beliefs and heritage with equal rights. Thus, the common good escapes the war of the gods. And openness to universal is preserved by civic space. ‘/PB’ pbThe secularism is not the zero degree of beliefs. She behaves on free men, masters of their judgement, capable of authentic concord. The secular school learns not to compromise with the requirement of truth. This trust in the sovereignty of human thought is the very virtue of secularism, a force of fraternal soul where “differences” transcend. Freedom, equality and fraternity have their full and generous meaning. ‘/PB’ PECB offers a philosophy of secularism. It combines approaches to history, theology and law. Without controversy, he shed light on the current questions by reflecting on the genesis and the foundations of the secular ideal. It shows its emancipating dimension in the face of the threat of new obscurantisms and exclusive identities.’/PB