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Thesis

French

ID: <

10670/1.g90mrf

>

Where these data come from
Emotional and cognitive processes underlying decision-making : study of children, adolescents and adults with typical development or with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract

This thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of cognitive and emotional processes underlying the decision under risk. Adopting an integrative perspective that includes approaches of developmental psychology, cognitive psychology and psychopathology, we have successively examined (i) cognitive and emotional processes underlying one of the major decisional bias, the framing effect, (ii) the relationship between risk-taking, framing susceptibility and emotion regulation during development, (iii) the role of risk-aversion in rationality of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in experimental situations. Our first study, analyzing decisions of adults with typical development, has experimentally confirmed that emotional processes of attraction to sure gains and aversion to sure losses hypothesized by Daniel Kahneman are at the core of framing susceptibility. Moreover, the contrast of several conditions has confirmed the robustness of these emotional processes and allowed to identify that one methodological factor varying between the two main framing tasks moderates framing susceptibility. Our second study, analyzing decisions of children, adolescents and adults with typical development, has explored the relationship between the development of an emotion regulation strategy (cognitive reappraisal) and the development of risk-taking and framing susceptibility. Our results showed that adolescents took more risks than children or adults but this increase in risk-taking was limited to situations with a high level of risk. We found no group differences on the frequency and the efficacy of using cognitive reappraisal and on framing susceptibility. Our third study assessed decision-making of adults with ASD. In order to explore the role of risk-aversion in rationality in individuals with ASD, we have adapted a framing paradigm to create situations in which risk-aversion was alternatively more rational, less rational, or neither more nor less rational than risk-taking. Results showed that participants with ASD took fewer risks than control participants when risk-aversion was more, or as advantageous as risk-taking. In contrast, when risk-aversion was less advantageous than risk-taking, both groups adopted a similar decision pattern. In conclusion, these studies expand knowledge on cognitive and emotional processes underlying the decision under risk and framing susceptibility during typical development and in individuals with ASD.

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