Thesis
French
ID: <
10670/1.gxlmh4>
Abstract
Since their independence, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia have followed various agricultural policies but failed to ensure food security. In Algeria, an agricultural policy through the National Agricultural Development Plan (NADP) was implemented from 2000 in an attempt to reverse the trend. Several investments were then made by farmers and various Algerian economic operators in the various strategic agricultural sectors To know the results, we completed three field surveys with farmers in order to analyze the impact of agricultural investment in the NADP on the evolution of agricultural techniques in dairy production in the communes attached to the Farm subdivision Freha, cereal in the municipalities related to agricultural Draa El Mizan subdivision and olive in the communes attached to the subdivision of agricultural Irdjen. The results of the first survey showed that NADP beneficiaries have seen the average milk yield / cow / day significantly increase of 12.75 liters during the period 19996-1999 17.33 liters during the period 2000- 2006. This seems to be largely attributable to the choice of foreign breeds high efficiency at the expense of local breeds, genetic improvement of dairy breeds through artificial insemination has evolved significantly, with the significant increase in the average age of heifers at first breeding, which went from 16 to 18 months and the average age at first calving heifers is increased from 25 to 27 months. The results of the second survey have shown that investments in the NADP did not allow a significant increase in the yield of durum wheat. Indeed, the performance of hard wheat was 15 quintals / ha during the period 1996-1999 and 15.73 quintals / ha in 2000-2006. This is due to deficiencies in the application of production techniques. Indeed the choice of seeds, mechanization, fertilization and irrigation have not evolved positively after the NADP. The results of the third survey also showed that investments in the NADP did not allow a significant increase in the yield of olives. Indeed, the performance of the olive crop was 25.33 kg / tree during the period 1996-1999 and 24.33 kg / tree in 2000-2006. This is due also to deficiencies in the application of production techniques. Indeed the choice of crop varieties, mechanization, the practice of different sizes, fertilization, irrigation, pesticide use against diseases and pests of the olive tree have not significantly increased after the NADP.