The interest of compressive sampling in ultrasound imaging has been recently extensively evaluated by several research teams. Following the different application setups, it has been shown that the RF data may be reconstructed from a small number of measurements and/or using a reduced number of ultrasound pulse emissions. According to the model of compressive sampling, the resolution of reconstructed ultrasound images from compressed measurements mainly depends on three aspects: the acquisition setup, i.e. the incoherence of the sampling matrix, the image regularization, i.e. the sparsity prior, and the optimization technique. We mainly focused on the last two aspects in this thesis. Nevertheless, RF image spatial resolution, contrast and signal to noise ratio are affected by the limited bandwidth of the imaging transducer and the physical phenomenon related to Ultrasound wave propagation. To overcome these limitations, several deconvolution-based image processing techniques have been proposed to enhance the ultrasound images. In this thesis, we first propose a novel framework for Ultrasound imaging, named compressive deconvolution, to combine the compressive sampling and deconvolution. Exploiting an unified formulation of the direct acquisition model, combining random projections and 2D convolution with a spatially invariant point spread function, the benefit of this framework is the joint data volume reduction and image quality improvement. An optimization method based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers is then proposed to invert the linear model, including two regularization terms expressing the sparsity of the RF images in a given basis and the generalized Gaussian statistical assumption on tissue reflectivity functions. It is improved afterwards by the method based on the Simultaneous Direction Method of Multipliers. Both algorithms are evaluated on simulated and in vivo data. With regularization techniques, a novel approach based on Alternating Minimization is finally developed to jointly estimate the tissue reflectivity function and the point spread function. A preliminary investigation is made on simulated data.