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French

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10670/1.jkdcps

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Where these data come from
The Commandery of Jalès (Berrias-et-Casteljau, Ardèche): Joint Research Project (2017-2020) — Campaign 2017

Abstract

Situated at the foot of the Cévennes in the south of the Ardèche department, Jalès commandery witnessed the presence of military religious orders in the Middle Ages in the West. Known for their role in the defence of Latin states in the Holy Earth during the Croisades, the orders of the Temple and the Hospital of Saint Jean de Jerusalem possessed thousands of areas in the West based on donations from loyalties. These commanderies, which brought together both buildings, land, rights and men, formed the hinterguard of the military orders; they provided, through their agricultural production and their role in mentoring the faithful, the financing and manpower necessary for the activities of the orders in the East and, more generally, in the Mediterranean. Jalès commandery was originally founded by the order of the Temple in the second third of the 14th century, on the basis of donations from the local nobility. The templiers have developed, organised and managed an important agricultural area divided between the Chassezac basin and the Cévennes massif, contributing to the development and exploitation of this area during the Middle Ages. In the centre of this area, the Jalès Command House is located in the present municipality of Berrias-et-Casteljau between Aubenas and Alès. Still isolated from the rest of the habitat, as they were in the Middle Ages, the buildings partly show the Romani buildings built by the templiers, among which the capel and cellier are particularly well preserved. In the 14th century, all went to the order of hospitals in Saint-Jean and then in the private sector to the Revolutiution.Regroupating the institutions interested in the conservation and development of buildings, as well as several public and private bodies, the Collective Research Project aims to carry out a multidisciplinary study of the commandery, with the aim of obtaining a thorough knowledge of the site, but also to consider safeguarding it. The project covers both the analysis of historical documentary sources; study of the surrounding geological and geographical context; the production of mass and detail readings of buildings; archaeological study of the built environment; an approach to the subsoil and elevations using geophysical exploration methods; and, finally, an architectural diagnosis to assess the health condition of the buildings, but also to assess the state of health of the buildings and to consider their use in a place where archaeological research centres, associations, cultural places and private residences come together. In addition to the value of this study in considering the preservation of the monument in the years to come, the Collective Research Project provides an opportunity to document a house of the order of Temple and then of the Hospital located in rural areas, but highly connected to the economic networks and to the human and financial flows that fed the cruises. It also offers an opportunity to cross-check various sources of information which will benefit from mutual insights, but also to develop widely used research methodologies, particularly as regards archaeological surveys or geophysical applications. The first year of this project has made it possible to complete some of the general surveys which will serve as a basis for the study and to resume the study of the mask of the commandery. After this campaign to set up methods, tools and teams, a three-year project is being developed for the period 2018-2020.

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