International audience New study of the dialogue hymn of the Rigveda (10.10) between Yama and Yamī. Revised translation of the whole text, with discussion of several controversial passages, after review of all previous studies. Revised interpretation of some words. Discussion of the genre of the dialogue hymns. The debate between Yama and his twin sister about incest is only one aspect of the content of the hymn. It is claimed that this hymn was recited at the occasion of the funeral of a man who died without progeny, so that his widow should fine a surrogate in order to bear a child for his lineage.