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Thesis

French

ID: <

10670/1.joeqeq

>

Where these data come from
Study of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in tne neuroprotective effects of Octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) in a murine model of Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Different mechanisms are associated with the neuropathogenesis of PD including dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammatory processes. Octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) is a diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI)-derived peptide, expressed by astrocytes, which protects neurons against oxidative cell damages and apoptosis in an in vitro model of PD. Nevertheless, its protective action in vivo has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the project of this thesis was to investigate whether intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of ODN could prevent DA neuron degeneration in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD, and to explore the vulnerability of ODN precursor knockout (DBI KO) mice to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. The results show that a single i.c.v injection of 10 ng/μl ODN, 1 h after the last systemic administration of MPTP, prevents the reduction of the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell bodies and fibers in the SNpc and striatum, respectively. Immunofluorescence imaging, Western blot analysis and Q-PCR studies revealed that ODN totally abolished MPTP-induced decrease of TH positive cells, mRNA expression and protein levels. This neuroprotective effect of ODN is accompanied by a reduction in the number of reactive astrocytes, an inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as interleukins (IL) IL-1β and IL-6, and a decrease of tumor necrosis factor -α. In addition, ODN blocks the inhibition of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene and the stimulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression induced by MPTP in the SNpc and striatum. ODN also reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid oxidation products in DA neurons. Furthermore, DBI-/- mice exhibited more vulnerability to MPTP than wild-type animals (DBI+/+). Thus, ODN KO mice are more sensitive to MPTP-induced inflammatory and oxidative brain damages, suggesting that the endogenous OD may also be neuroprotective. These results indicate that, based on its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect, the gliopeptide ODN could lead to the development of effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of cerebral injuries involving oxidative neurodegeneration.

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