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Thesis

English

ID: <

10670/1.k0ui9p

>

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Essays on tax havens and tax avoidance

Abstract

This thesis contributes to the literature in Financial Economies and Public Economies that considers research about tax havens, tax avoidance and tax planning. The first chapter is a literature review about the main studies that evolve around tax havens. The second chapter analyses the characteristics of tax havens. A new list is used and it consists of the countries that figure in the recent leaks of the Panama Papers and Paradise Papers. Using logit regressions, I find that Good governance is an important factor that characterize tax havens. These countries seem to either have very low international voice or very high one. We compare with other lists of tax havens and show that most existent lists are biased. The third chapter identifies profit shifting by the top European banks. Financial institutions as of 2014 started disclosing their activity on a country-by-country level, following the CRD IV EU directive. Using a sample from 2013 to 2019, I find that the banks' profits are sensitive to the tax rate suggesting that banks lower their tax burden through their subsidiaries. Profit shifting is estirnated by using two approaches: tax differentials and profitability differentials. Depending on the method used, profit shifting by the top European banks is between 7 to 15 percent of the total profits booked abroad in 2017. Finally, the last chapter studies the relationship between CSR and tax aggressiveness. We use a sample of firms from 2008 to 2018 in a worldwide framework. The findings suggest that the more a firm is socially responsible, the more it avoids taxes. That is also true for firms with hjgh level of employee satisfaction. Socially responsible firms engage as well in lobbying on tax issues. Overall, paying the fair share of taxes seems to be disassociated from the notion of the good corporate citizen.

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