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A nationwide recovery A nationwide recovery: The case of Ebola virus disease in Senegal

Abstract

The West African Ebola epidemic has focused concerns in the field of global health in 2014 due to the exceptional lethality of this virus. In Senegal, the diagnosis of MVE in a person from Guinea has inferred an outbreak, according to WHO definition, resulting in a crisis situation (collective anxiety and mobilization of institutions) until the patient was cured and in the absence of further contamination among the persons who had been in contact with him. Like his illness, the healing of "patient zero" was highly publicized. However, the disappearance of symptoms and the negativity of his virological test were not at the forefront. The media and health authorities closely articulated patient's individual healing to the collective aspects of the outbreak. An analysis inspired by Hewlett, who showed how societies produce narratives about epidemics, reveals that the narrative - or social construction - of this interconnection involved three levels. Epidemiologically, the patient healing coincided with the end of the risk period for the contacts. In terms of representations of the response, the organization of the patient's return to his country of origin immediately after the announcement of his bioclinic healing enabled "to cure the social body" of Senegal by reviving the notion of "imported case." On the moral level, the media portrayed the redemption of the patient asking for forgiveness for the risk he had introduced into the country, thereby highlighting the Senegalese hospitality with an identity value (teranga), which partly erased the reactions adverse to Guineans considered as vectors of risk. The chapter analyzes the social mechanisms that have produced this transposition of individual healing on a collective scale, into facts and narrative.

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