This thesis addresses what is called the biggest occupational health risk of 21st century, namely burnout, the result of chronic stress, from a communicational perspective. We propose that coupled with technicist ideals and information and communication technologies, the efficiency paradigm permeate the competitive practices in business and their organizational discourses; shape the managerial discourses and socio-technical devices in the organization. These discourses and dispositifs, in their turn, influence and structure the interpersonal and intra-personal communications. They colonize the life-worlds of the employees and shape their subjectivities. In this process, communication pathologies and deficiencies may occur and lead to stress and burnout. We have conducted a qualitative research based on Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Fourteen participants from France (seven) and Norway (seven) were chosen as a purposive sample; they have all worked with ICT and experienced burnout. We have shown that the job-related stress factors that are used in the burnout models do not exist independently, but they arise out of stress-inducing communication processes. We have identified three major paradoxes that our participants have experienced: ‘acceleration-deceleration paradox’; ‘intensification-quality paradox’; ‘autonomy-control paradox’. These paradoxes trapped them in a double bind. We have identified two vicious circles: ‘working harder and harder’ and ‘distancing from work’. Entangled in pathological inner dialogues, they lost their self-efficacy beliefs. We have compared our two groups and discovered differences based on the national culture.