The Secret of Secrets is one of the most spread text at the end of the Middle Ages. Our thesis gives an edition based on twenty-four manuscripts of the fifteenth-century version with a commentary. Together with the original text, the first volume presents its history, a study that justifies the choice of a manuscript, and traditionnal tools : a study of the language, a glossary and an proper name index.The second volume presents notes and explanations : comparisons with the previous versions of the Secret of Secrets, explanations on some parts of medieval knowledge, precise details on explicit hidden references.The third volume is a commentary. A study of the word « secret » shows how important this paradoxical notion is, all at once word and silence, in a work that emphasises its hermetism in order to be spread out. The title of the treaty appears to be a reason of it success. The Secret of Secrets refers to many previous texts and invites us to create a new category : the « literature of secrets », in which the Secret of Secrets tries to appear as the hermetic text. The evanescent or incomplet secrets this treaty reveals are overcomed by the promise of becoming almighty. We also study how the enunciation overcomes the paradoxe of the secret, to be hidden and shown. Some significative choices in the translation are made between the previous arabic and latin versions : a change takes place in order to turn the reader into a more autonomous and popular individual