In Italy, the period known today as ‘lead years’ is unique compared to the other waves of contestation in Western Europe at the same time. The escalation of political violence and its various forms in Italy is the result of a multitude of factors: social contexts, political openness, power relations, interaction between groups of the two extremes and the state, also with the government’s manipulation of radical political groups. those who chose the armed struggle, those who did not accept it but belonged to far left movements, those who regard themselves as victims of terrorism, those who fought against it. The nature of the subject and the problems it raises therefore leads the researcher to question the possibilities of resolving an armed conflict, and the conditions for shaping the situation. Thus, a first part will be devoted to the emergence and resolution of the armed conflict in the years of Italian lead. The formation of revolutionary groups and the transition to armed struggle require a deepening of the context and interpersonal dynamics between members. We will then see how coercive resolutions present their limitations and lead to much more political negotiation. Finally, in a second part we will discuss the possibilities of collective and individual remembrance constructions. On the one hand, we will see how experience of fighting and its resolutions and exile experience in France shape individual memories, and how in Italy groups of victims carrying and claiming collective memory have been formed.