This article shows the conceptual elements that are fundamental of the critical theory of education. It begins with the controversy between the Critical Theory of Science and the Traditional Theory of Science with quotes from some of its theorists (Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas). Continues with the development of the topic of critical education and its fundamental objective: the emancipation of the learner, a category that is enriched by various authors. It ends with some tasks to develop within this perspective and the type of teacher that is required.