People do not necessarily have access to economic and social rights for them. Since the 1950s in the United Kingdom and 1960 in the United States, this observation gave rise to a particular problem, namely the non-take-up of social benefits. In most of the countries where it has developed, this issue has been addressed by research which drew attention to the ineffectiveness of rights and at the same time questioned the reality of social justice if access to social justice is not effective for all. The problem for public actors would therefore not only concern a multiple and sometimes exorbitant flow of expectations, but also potential demand that would no longer be expressed. The institutionalisation of the issue of social non-demand can then address the problems of precariousness and exclusion. It makes it possible both to express a causal hypothesis as to the origin of the public problem and to make assumptions about the solutions to be given to it. Talking about social demand leads to consideration of issues that are difficult to ignore in times of managerial (policy efficiency) and political reforms (building a “society of reciprocity”): when individuals lose the feeling of being legitimate, access to public offerings in addition to being unequal becomes more unlikely; in these circumstances, the social integration function of public policies is impoverished.