This contribution looks at the example of the Grand Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in Northern Germany, how Renaissance and humanism, thanks to a significant catch-up in the second half of the sixteenth century, have had a profound and decisive impact on these spaces, which had been far removed from the first wave of cultural and artistic renewal. Firstly, the article analyses the reasons for the region’s delay in integrating the manifestations of the artistic and intellectual Renaissance. He then stressed the indirect role that the Reform had played in importing the Renaissance’s achievements, particularly during the rule of the first protest pipeline, Jules, from 1568 to 1589, a pivotal period in this development. Finally, we look more specifically at the late apogy of the Renaissance in the Duchy, boosted by the politics and personality of the Henri-Jules pipeline (1589-1613), and focus on highlighting a number of characteristics and methods specific to their expression in this region. The fundamental data on demography, urban growth and trade cannot explain the late outbreak of the Renaissance in Brunswick. It is true that the growing exchanges with the nearby Netherlands have encouraged new influences in architecture, painting and music, as well as in the Republic of Letters. But it was above all the institutional and financial capacities of the mainstream state and its spheres of action that radically changed from the beginning to the end of the century. Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel’s house then knows its peak in terms of power and territorial development, recognition at the level of the Empire, its capacity for cultural and intellectual influence by its Church, its schools and its University of Helmstedt across Lower Saxony in this small quarter of the century. The personal equation of the first two Protestant sovereigns, especially the second, Henri-Jules, has made it possible to develop these assets to allow a late Renaissance and humanism to throw their most beautiful fires at the turn of the two centuries. This confirms the importance of aristocratic and principled enthusiasm for the dissemination of the values and aesthetics of the Renaissance, which did not prevent wider social groups from also participating in the movement in their wake.