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Conference

French

ID: <

10670/1.p57rrz

>

Where these data come from
Review of the literature on psychosocial constraints at work assessed in epidemiology as risk factors for MSDs: interest and limitations

Abstract

Workshop 3: Psychosocial environment of work: definitions and tools to characterise this literature review will start with a reminder of the concepts and definitions of psychosocial constraints and organisational factors. The main organisational factors and psychosocial constraints explored in epidemiological studies will be presented with a distinction of 3 periods: — Before the 1970s, with the absence of models and the use of lists of ‘stressors’; — The years 1970-1990 with the appearance of two main models: Karasek and Siegrist based on perceived labour imbalances. The Karasek model defines ‘job strain’ as an imbalance between a strong psychological demand for the activity and a lack of discretion in taking decisions to carry out this activity. Siegrist’s model is based on the imbalance between efforts made for its work and the benefits of monetary and symbolic benefits. Both models introduced a third dimension that would modulate imbalances: the social support of colleagues and hierarchy that could reduce the perception of job strain in the Karasek model and overinvestment in work which would exacerbate the perception of the imbalance in effort/reward in the Siegrist model. These widely used models have shown, on the basis of many well-conducted epidemiological studies, that they are predictive of different health problems, such as the quantification of their mental or cardiovascular health risk; — The 2000s with the arrival of new models in the field of occupational psychosocial epidemiology such as organisational injustice, quality of leadership, job insecurity, internal (from colleagues, superiors, etc.) and external violence (from users, customers, patients, etc.), emotional demands or dissonance, ethical confessions, etc., but also studies measuring the effect of unnoticeable factors of work such as the number of hours worked, precariousness through employment contracts, etc. These organisational constraints and factors explored more recently do not benefit from the same amount of data as the previous ones and their results are not yet stabilised. The different organisational constraints and factors will be linked to the main health effects by specifying the degree of certainty about these links. A focus will be put on the relationship between psychosocial exposures and MSDs. The organisational constraints and factors identified in the epidemiological studies will be linked to the six dimensions proposed by the French-speaking panel of expertise set up in 2008: labour demands, emotional demands, autonomy and room for manoeuvre, social relations and labour relations, conflicts of values, socio-economic insecurity. This classification, which has been the subject of substantial work by many experts, could indeed become a reference. Finally, the interest and limitations of psychosocial constraints models will be raised, particularly with a view to research but also to preventive action.

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