Summary The present work inquires about the specific reality of the exercise of collective labour rights in the digital economy environment resulting from the 4.0 revolution, specifically in relation to platform work. The important role of social dialogue, which includes not only traditional trade unions, but also self-representative groups of the interests of those providing their services on digital platforms, is highlighted. This is why the institutions of the ILO and of the European Union themselves conceive social dialogue as the best way to deal with the problems posed by this new reality that we face in all parts of the world. Indeed, the system for the organisation of employees’ interests and the collective action mechanisms adopted are being altered, thus giving rise to the need to protect the collective rights of workers who have not even been able to obtain an answer on the very legal nature of their work.