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Thesis

French

ID: <

10670/1.qq5tsc

>

Where these data come from
Nanodiscs as a tool for the structural studies of membrane protein

Abstract

Membrane proteins represent around 2/3 of therapeutic targets. However, the development of new drugs is hampered by the lack of structural data for many proteins. Membrane proteins are indeed difficult to handle and to maintain stable in solution, which complicates their study by structural methods. Proteins are usually stabilized by surfactants like detergents, amphipols, hemifluorinated compounds and peptergents. It is also possible to study those proteins in an environment mimicking their native conditions by incorporating them in lipid membranes such as liposomes, bicelles or nanodiscs.Nanodiscs are self-assembled proteolipidic particles, composed of a scaffold protein and lipids. This technology is a top-notch model membrane system, which provides a detergent free environment to study membrane proteins in solution. Further advantages are the possibility to vary the lipid composition and the accessibility of the incorporated protein from both sides of the membrane.During my PhD project, I have achieved the insertion of several membrane proteins into nanodiscs for functional, biophysical and structural characterizations. In particular, we have studied Bmra, an ABC transporter involved in multidrug resistance and tried to identify the conformational changes of the protein in nanodiscs by electron microscopy. The interaction of YedZ, a NADPH oxidase homologue, with potential soluble partners has been studied by various methods such as cross-linking, surface plasmon resonance and native mass spectrometry. In parallel, the mechanism of nanodiscs assembly has been investigated. An interaction between the scaffold protein and divalent cations has been revealed. This interaction influences the oligomerization of the scaffold protein but also the nanodiscs homogeneity. Those observations allowed us to improve the preparation of the nanodiscs, which was an essential step torward the success of many structural approaches. In particular, we were able to explore their accessibility to protein crystallography.

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