International audience In early modern cities, the capacity for political action was often determined by the possession of civic rights, and Marseilles is no exception to this rule. Citizenship was theoretically the only way to exercise political rights in the city. Yet, many inhabitants’ mobilizations against urban planning operations highlight other forms of inclusion in the city as well as other foundations to the activation of civil ties between the residents. The inclusion of a subject in a social space was considered a sufficient condition to political expression in the city. The present study outlines the existence of a community of inhabitants freed from the legal conditions imposed by early modern citizenship.