The archaeological research in recent decades has developed important contributions to understanding the emergence of complex societies in Amazon rainforest ecosystems, specifically in the upper Upano basin of the High-Amazonia in Ecuador, an extensive area in the peri-Andean foothills modified by artificial earth mounds organized in complex patterns of settlements. These constructive processes started around 380 B.C., giving place to almost a millennium of occupation characterized by the presence of Upano ceramic tradition. The concentration of earth mounds brings up questions about the impacts of human occupation in Amazonian landscapes and the need to include analytic methods to obtain new information. This work brings to the debate about anthropic soils a case study in the Ecuadorian Amazon, applying chemical analysis to soil samples from Basural La Lomita, belonging to the Huapula Monticular Complex in the upper Upano basin, for characterization and comparative analysis. The results obtained point to the impacts of human occupation on the soils of the Upano earth mound settlements, and the potential to understand the prolonged modification of the Amazonian landscapes in pre-Columbian times.