The objective of this article is to identify the characteristics of the Board of Directors that better discriminate large companies (LCs) in terms of performance. The data come from the National`np pagenum="068"/b institute of Statistics and the survey of 112 LCs over the period 2008-2012. Using the mean comparison test and logistic regression, the results show that : the size and the independence of the board of directors explain the differences of performance between Cameroonian LCs. This result joins the work of (Bhagat & Bolton, 2008 ; Wanda, 2013 ; Amine & Sami, 2018). On the other hand, the duality of the board of directors and the presence of specialized committees do not explain the performance gaps observed.