It was about 30 years old, François Bourricaud, citing Peruvian historian Riva Agüero, reminding very much about what it was difficult to win but also to think of independence, in Spain and especially in the Andes: a 15-year war resembling a civil war, the final triumph of an outlying army that defeated the indigenous troops of the virey, a lasting division in the winners. However, the official story was no later than...