The ability of IGOs and NGOs to adapt is greater than the future of their reform processes, or the lack of legitimacy (or simply visibility) among the citizens of many countries. While programmes specifically designed to update their structures are both recurrent and without tangible results, they are constantly changing to the extent that their organisational identity today has little to do with their initial mandate. Moreover, these organisations are not monolithic (we should avoid repeating the error made by the realisms with the states): headquarters often fail to adapt to a new context, while field operations change very quickly. It is this paradox that the Communication would like to explore: lack of upward or external reform despite repeated announcement effects, but permanent and discrete change at the bottom or inside.